Understanding Cervical Spinal Stenosis and Its Implications
Cervical spinal stenosis (CSS) is a medical condition characterized by the narrowing of the spaces within the spinal column, specifically those through which the spinal cord and nerves pass. This narrowing can have significant consequences, and as one ages, the likelihood of developing CSS increases. In fact, it affects approximately 6.8% of adults over the age of 50 and rises to 9% for those over 70. While some individuals with CSS may remain asymptomatic, the situation can take a sudden turn when a neck injury occurs, potentially compressing, constricting, or injuring the spinal cord or related nerves. When this happens, symptoms such as pain, numbness, and tingling can manifest, impairing physical function over time.
A startling statistic reveals that more than two million Americans suffer from whiplash injuries each year, with automobile collisions serving as the primary instigator. A study conducted in June 2023 delved into this concerning issue by employing a previously validated three-dimensional model of the human head-neck complex. The aim was to assess the risk of spinal cord injury in individuals with varying degrees of CSS (ranging from 14 mm to 6 mm, with a lower number indicating a more severe condition) subjected to rear-impact accelerations of 1.8 m/s and 2.6 m/s. At the C5-6 level of the cervical spine, located towards the lower part of the neck, the stress on the spinal cord proved sufficient to cause injury at both accelerations when the stenosis was as narrow as 6 mm. However, for less severe stenosis measuring 8 mm, only the higher acceleration of 2.6 m/s applied enough force to potentially harm the spinal cord. In general, the study's authors deduced that the narrower the space available for the nerve and spinal cord to traverse, the less force is required to surpass the threshold for spinal cord injury.
Apart from genetic predisposition, several risk factors contribute to the development of CSS. These factors include cumulative trauma, osteoporosis, smoking, and degenerative joint disease or osteoarthritis. These conditions can compromise the neck tissues' ability to absorb the forces generated during the sudden acceleration and deceleration experienced in a rear-end collision, potentially resulting in more severe injuries. In such cases, a comprehensive treatment approach may be necessary to mitigate the risk of ongoing, chronic symptoms. The encouraging news is that doctors of chiropractic offer an effective conservative treatment option for managing both cervical spinal stenosis and whiplash injuries.
While complete prevention of CSS may not be feasible, individuals can take proactive measures to reduce their risk of developing the condition. These measures encompass adopting a healthy diet, engaging in regular weight-bearing exercise, ensuring adequate sleep, abstaining from smoking, limiting alcohol consumption, and mitigating risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome, such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. A study from 2018 also revealed a connection between poor spinal posture and spinal stenosis. Therefore, maintaining good posture and seeking regular chiropractic care to keep the spine properly aligned may further reduce the risk of developing CSS.
In summary, cervical spinal stenosis is a condition that warrants attention, especially as one grows older. While it may initially remain asymptomatic, the potential for significant complications arises when neck injuries occur, affecting the spinal cord and related nerves. Whiplash injuries, often resulting from automobile accidents, can exacerbate the situation. Understanding the risk factors, seeking chiropractic care, and adopting a healthy lifestyle can help individuals mitigate their risk of developing CSS and enjoy a higher quality of life.
Written by Dr Diego Caban from OrthoTrust